Configuring and Troubleshooting TCP/IP 2
Posted: September 11th, 2008 | Author: seodude | Filed under: Network, Troubleshooting, how to, technology, tips tricks, windows xp | Tags: networking, tcp ip, tips tricks, windows xp |Configuring and Troubleshooting TCP/IP 1
Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS) This service is Microsoft’s implementation of a name resolution mechanism to match IP addresses to NetBIOS computer names and vice versa. WINS servers can greatly reduce NetBIOS traffic on networks by decreasing the amount of broadcast traffic that occurs when computers attempt to resolve unknown NetBIOS computer names to IP addresses. For an Active Directorybased network in Windows 2000/2003 native mode with no applications that require NetBIOS, nor any legacy Windows clients, WINS becomes unnecessary.
Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA) Microsoft first introduced this feature in Windows 98. For computers that are configured to obtain an IP address automatically, APIPA kicks in if no DHCP server is available on the network to lease out an IP address. APIPA automatically queries the other computers on the network to ensure it does not duplicate an IP address, and then assigns a unique IP address to the local computer using the IP address scheme of 169.254.x.y with the subnet mask of 255.255.0.0. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has reserved the IP address range of 169.254.0.0 through 169.254.255.255 for APIPA. This ensures that any IP address that APIPA generates does not conflict with any public, routable addresses. This feature is turned on by default in Windows XP Professional.
Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP) This specification is an older Unix standard for serial communications. Windows XP supports SLIP for backward-compatibility purposes. You can use SLIP only for outbound connections on Windows XP Professional.
Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) PPP has effectively replaced SLIP. PPP is a remote access/dial-up protocol that supports industry-standard network protocols such as TCP/IP, NWLink, NetBEUI, and AppleTalk. PPP is optimized for low-bandwidth connections, so it is the preferred remote access protocol for dial-up/modem connections.
Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) The only Virtual Private Network (VPN) protocol that shipped with Windows NT 4, PPTP encapsulates TCP/IP, Internet Protocol Exchange (IPX), or NetBEUI data packets and encrypts the data being transmitted as it is tunneled through the Internet. PPTP clients can connect to any Microsoft-compatible PPTP servers via the Internet with proper security credentials. This service, shipped with Windows XP Professional, allows users to connect to the Internet using local (nonlong-distance) connections and offers them a way to connect to PPTP computers in remote locations without incurring toll charges or requiring dedicated data lines.
Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) An alternative to PPTP, L2TP was new to Windows 2000 and offers similar functionality to PPTP. However, L2TP is an industry-standard VPN protocol and is shipped with Windows XP Professional. L2TP also encapsulates TCP/IP, IPX, or NetBEUI data packets and encrypts the data being transmitted as it is tunneled through the Internet. You can also use L2TP in conjunction with Microsoft IP Security (IPSec) for enhanced security. L2TP is covered in more detail later in this chapter.
IPSec This is a relatively new Internet security protocol, also referred to as Secure IP. It provides computer-level authentication in addition to data encryption for VPN connections that use the L2TP protocol. IPSec negotiates between the client computer and the remote tunnel server before an L2TP connection is established, which secures both authentication passwords and data. L2TP uses standard PPP-based authentication protocols, such as Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP), Microsoft Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (MSCHAP), CHAP, Shiva Password Authentication Protocol (SPAP), and Password Authentication Protocol (PAP) with IPSec.
World Wide Web (WWW) publishing service This is a major component of Internet Information Services (IIS), which ships with Windows XP Professional. Although not installed by default in Windows XP Professional, IIS and the WWW publishing service provide web page hosting for HTML-based and Active Server Pages (ASP)-based documents.
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) service This is another major component of IIS. FTP is an industry-standard protocol for transferring files between computers over TCP/IP-based networks, such as the Internet.
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) The Microsoft SMTP service implements the industry-standard SMTP to transport and deliver email messages. The SMTP service for Windows XP is also a component of IIS.
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